Objects and classes were introduced by SIMULA some sixty years ago. Since then, many new language mechanisms have been devised including static members, namespaces, modules, companion objects, interfaces, mixins, traits, protocols, constructors, factories, iterators, etc. The implications of this are that many languages have become complex entities with many rules, special cases, and exceptions to the rules, often due to lack of uniformity and generality.

In this paper, we show that objects and classes as originating from SIMULA and generalized in Beta may subsume the above mentioned language mechanisms. This is possible since these object- and class-mechanisms are sufficiently general and uniform. It includes deep nesting with no restrictions, as well as support for singular objects.